Forest fires are a phenomenon that occurs naturally after being coupled with human activities, creating a significant impact throughout the world. These fires not only cause environmental losses, but also threaten human life and the ecosystem. Every year, thousands of hectares of forests in various parts of the world burn, with the main causes including climate change, forest encroachment and poor land management. One of the most direct impacts of forest fires is the destruction of biodiversity. Tropical forests, which are home to most of the world’s flora and fauna species, are highly vulnerable to fire. When fires occur, many animal species lose their habitat, potentially leading to extinction. Endemic species, such as the orangutan in Kalimantan, face serious threats from deforestation and fires. Forest fires also contribute to greater climate change. The combustion process releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, which exacerbates global warming. It is estimated that forest fires contribute more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The consequences of this warming are far-reaching, including extreme weather, rising sea levels, and changes in rainfall patterns that can affect water availability. Apart from environmental damage, people living near the fire area also experienced direct impacts. Air quality has dropped drastically, causing health problems, especially for children and the elderly. Exposure to smoke from forest fires can cause respiratory illnesses, eye irritation, and even cardiovascular problems. In many areas, people were forced to flee to escape the disaster, which created additional social and economic problems. Mitigation measures are very important in dealing with the problem of forest fires. Sustainable forest management, restoration of damaged land, and public education about fire risks can help reduce fire incidents. The use of technology, such as satellites and drones, to monitor forests can also be a solution in detecting fires before they spread. In addition, government policies that support the restoration of burned forests and law enforcement against illegal practices such as land burning are urgently needed. International cooperation in dealing with forest fires, such as in the UN Convention on Climate Change, would also be helpful in approaching this problem globally. World forest fires are a real threat that requires joint attention. With the right actions, we can contribute to protecting forests and the lives that depend on them. Educating the public about the importance of protecting forest ecosystems is an important first step. Society must understand that the health of the planet and the sustainability of human life are closely tied to the sustainability of forests.