A doctor, also known as a physician (American and Canadian English) or medical practitioner (British English), is a healthcare professional who provides treatment for illnesses, injuries, and disease. Doctors work in a wide range of clinical settings, from hospitals and primary care clinics to specialized departments and outpatient care centers.

Doctors use their medical education and training to diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases and illnesses in patients. They are licensed to prescribe medication and recommend or perform surgeries as necessary. They are responsible for ensuring that their patients receive high-quality, evidence-based care that is responsive to patient needs and goals. In addition to their clinical responsibilities, doctors may also participate in medical research and educational activities, as well as administrative tasks such as staff management and budget planning.

Specialized doctors may focus on particular medical conditions or systems of the body. For example, a neurologist treats diseases that affect the brain and spinal cord. Other specialized doctors include urologists who treat male and female genital organs, gastroenterologists who treat diseases of the stomach and intestines, and gynecologists who specialize in women’s reproductive health.

All specialized doctors are required to maintain certification in their area of expertise. This process varies by specialty, but typically involves participating in continuing education, peer review, and research. In addition, many doctors pursue professional membership organizations and contribute to the advancement of their field through scholarly publications. Doctors are also required to complete extensive administrative duties, including documentation of patient outcomes and adherence to healthcare regulations.