Parliaments are the institutions through which citizens have their say on issues of national and local importance. They are a venue for disparate perspectives to be expressed, debated and translated into policies. Effective representation requires engaging constituents in ongoing dialogue and leveraging the formal structure of parliament to provide direct access to the decision-making process within the institution.

In the United Kingdom for example the House of Commons is directly elected, with each MP representing a specific constituency. Those who win a majority of seats, or who can form a majority by bringing in smaller parties and independents, are invited by the Monarch to form a government. Parliamentary select committees are a primary means through which the institution scrutinises the government and holds it to account, with most committees mirroring government departments and focusing on a particular policy area.

Likewise, the Ministerial Code states that the most important announcements of government policy must be made in Parliament and MPs are able to question ministers on any issue deemed urgent by the Speaker of the House. The institution is also strengthened through its lawmaking function, with parliamentarians drafting laws and examining draft laws brought before them.

Parliaments often communicate with their citizens through the internet, radio and television broadcasting plenary proceedings and committee hearings. These channels are particularly important in countries that have recently transitioned to democracy and aim to promote a culture of openness within the new polity. Many parliaments have websites that describe their activities and provide a wide range of information on individual members, the work of committees and current legislative activity.